--- title: IEC 61131-3 on groov EPIC description: Take a look at the pros and cons of the four programming languages (FBD, ST, SFC, and LD) that are part of the IEC 61131-3 standard. And get ready to use any or all when Codesys comes to groov EPIC. image: https://blog.opto22.com/hubfs/Garrick_FBD.png --- - [Log in](https://www.opto22.com/logon?returnurl=%2f) - [Register](https://www.opto22.com/Special-Pages/Logon.aspx) - [Your Cart](https://www.opto22.com/Checkout/Shopping-Cart) - [Contact Us](https://www.opto22.com/support/contact-us) [![Opto 22 Logo](https://blog.opto22.com/hubfs/opto22_lightsilvergradient_800px.png "Opto 22 Logo")](https://www.opto22.com) - [Products](https://www.opto22.com/products) - [What Do You Want to Do?](https://www.opto22.com/products/what-do-you-want-to-do) - [groov RIO](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-rio) - [groov EPIC System](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-epic-system) - [Case Studies](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-case-studies) - [Product Selector](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-selector) - [Product Families](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-families) - [IIoT System Architecture](https://www.opto22.com/support/resources-tools/demos/groov-epic-groov-rio-architecture) - [MQTT Resources](https://www.opto22.com/products/mqtt-resources) - [Cybersecurity](https://www.opto22.com/products/cybersecurity) - [Power and Energy Monitoring](https://www.opto22.com/products/power-and-energy-monitoring) - [How to Buy](https://www.opto22.com/products/how-to-buy) - [Hands-On Learning and Demo Units](https://www.opto22.com/products/hands-on-learning-and-demo-units) - [Product Comparisons and Compatibility](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-comparisons-and-compatibility) - [System Configurator](https://www.opto22.com/products/system-configurator) - [Support](https://www.opto22.com/support) - [Manage groov](https://www.opto22.com/logon?returnurl=%2fmy-opto%2fmanage-groov) - [Documents](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Resources-Tools?rt=59) - [Downloads](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Resources-Tools?rt=68) - [Videos](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Videos) - [KnowledgeBase](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Resources-Tools?rt=67) - [Training](https://www.opto22.com/support/training-options) - [Troubleshooting](https://www.opto22.com/support/troubleshooting) - [Image Library](https://www.opto22.com/support/resources-tools/image-library-svg-editors) - [Developers](https://developer.opto22.com/) - [Talk to an Engineer](https://www.opto22.com/support/talk-to-an-engineer) - [Contact Us](https://www.opto22.com/support/contact-us) - [Warranties](https://www.opto22.com/support/warranties) - [Agency Approvals/Compliance](https://www.opto22.com/support/agency-approvals) - [Privacy Policy](https://www.opto22.com/support/privacy) - [About Us](https://www.opto22.com/about-us) - [History](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/history) - [Location](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/directions) - [Corporate Contacts](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/corporate-contacts) - [Opto 22 Product Philosophy](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/opto-22-product-philosophy) - [Customer Quotes/Testimonials](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/customer-quotes-testimonials) - [Virtual Tour](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/virtual-tour) - [Pressroom](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/pressroom) - [Distributors](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/distributors) - [International](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/international) - [Sustainability](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/sustainability) - [Careers](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/careers) - [Community](https://www.opto22.com/community) - [OptoPartners](https://www.opto22.com/community/opto-partners) - [Technology Partners](https://www.opto22.com/community/technology-partners) - [Education Partnerships](https://info.opto22.com/partnering-in-education) - [Opto Blog](https://blog.opto22.com/) - [Opto Forums](http://forums.opto22.com/) - [Events](https://www.opto22.com/community/events) - [Articles](https://www.opto22.com/articles) - [Log In](https://www.opto22.com/logon) - [Register](https://www.opto22.com/Special-Pages/Logon.aspx) - [Your Cart](https://www.opto22.com/Checkout/Shopping-Cart) - [Contact Us](https://www.opto22.com/support/contact-us) - [Products](https://www.opto22.com/products) - [What Do You Want to Do?](https://www.opto22.com/products/what-do-you-want-to-do) - [groov RIO](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-rio) - [groov EPIC System](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-epic-system) - [Case Studies](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-case-studies) - [Product Selector](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-selector) - [Product Families](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-families) - [IIoT System Architecture](https://www.opto22.com/support/resources-tools/demos/groov-epic-groov-rio-architecture) - [MQTT Resources](https://www.opto22.com/products/mqtt-resources) - [Cybersecurity](https://www.opto22.com/products/cybersecurity) - [Power and Energy Monitoring](https://www.opto22.com/products/power-and-energy-monitoring) - [How to Buy](https://www.opto22.com/products/how-to-buy) - [Hands-On Learning and Demo Units](https://www.opto22.com/products/hands-on-learning-and-demo-units) - [Product Comparisons and Compatibility](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-comparisons-and-compatibility) - [System Configurator](https://www.opto22.com/products/system-configurator) - [Support](https://www.opto22.com/support) - [Manage groov](https://www.opto22.com/logon?returnurl=%2fmy-opto%2fmanage-groov) - [Documents](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Resources-Tools?rt=59) - [Downloads](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Resources-Tools?rt=68) - [Videos](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Videos) - [KnowledgeBase](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Resources-Tools?rt=67) - [Training](https://www.opto22.com/support/training-options) - [Troubleshooting](https://www.opto22.com/support/troubleshooting) - [Image Library](https://www.opto22.com/support/resources-tools/image-library-svg-editors) - [Developers](https://developer.opto22.com/) - [Talk to an Engineer](https://www.opto22.com/support/talk-to-an-engineer) - [Contact Us](https://www.opto22.com/support/contact-us) - [Warranties](https://www.opto22.com/support/warranties) - [Agency Approvals/Compliance](https://www.opto22.com/support/agency-approvals) - [Privacy Policy](https://www.opto22.com/support/privacy) - [About Us](https://www.opto22.com/about-us) - [History](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/history) - [Location](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/directions) - [Corporate Contacts](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/corporate-contacts) - [Opto 22 Product Philosophy](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/opto-22-product-philosophy) - [Customer Quotes/Testimonials](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/customer-quotes-testimonials) - [Virtual Tour](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/virtual-tour) - [Pressroom](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/pressroom) - [Distributors](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/distributors) - [International](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/international) - [Sustainability](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/sustainability) - [Careers](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/careers) - [Community](https://www.opto22.com/community) - [OptoPartners](https://www.opto22.com/community/opto-partners) - [Technology Partners](https://www.opto22.com/community/technology-partners) - [Education Partnerships](https://info.opto22.com/partnering-in-education) - [Opto Blog](https://blog.opto22.com/) - [Opto Forums](http://forums.opto22.com/) - [Events](https://www.opto22.com/community/events) - [Articles](https://www.opto22.com/articles) - [Log In](https://www.opto22.com/logon) - [Register](https://www.opto22.com/Special-Pages/Logon.aspx) - [Your Cart](https://www.opto22.com/Checkout/Shopping-Cart) - [Contact Us](https://www.opto22.com/support/contact-us)   # IEC 61131-3 on groov EPIC # OptoBlog # IEC 61131-3 on groov EPIC Posted by [Garrick Reichert](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/author/garrick-reichert) on Oct 18, 2018, 9:08:13 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) As the "P" in EPIC implies, we've added more Programming options to *groov* EPIC.  Our goal is for this Controller to be truly EPIC, and give developers and engineers multiple programming options on an Edge device, in addition to PAC Control, C/C++, Python, and more that's already available.  So, it's time to get excited about the future of EPIC, and discuss how developers can now get creative by using an IEC-61131-3 tool set for their applications. Many automation engineers are familiar with the IEC 61131-3 standard, though you might not know it by that name. If you use ladder logic, you may be using one of the languages the standard defines. ![Garrick_old_eqpt](https://blog.opto22.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Garrick_old_eqpt.jpg?width=300&name=Garrick_old_eqpt.jpg)Developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the standard defines the five accepted basic software architecture and programming languages of PLC control programming. Of these five, one (Instruction List) has already been deprecated in the 3rd edition (61131-3). That leaves us with four languages, three graphical and one textual: - Function Block Diagram (FBD) - Structured Text (ST) - Sequential Function Charts (SFC) - Ladder Diagram (LD) Each language has its basic functions, its strengths and weaknesses, and its detractors and evangelists. Let’s run down a short history of each language and its intended use, and then I’ll attempt to compare their strengths and weaknesses. I say attempt, as these strengths and weaknesses are based not only on obvious characteristics to anyone using them, but also on my opinions after using them for last 13 years. And I’ll give you some example code for each language, based on the great programmer William Shakespeare and his most famous line of code, “To be or not to be: that is the question.” I’ve modified the line to fit the context of our discussion, which is implementing the IEC61131-3 languages using the Codesys platform on Opto 22’s new [*groov*](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-container/grv-epic-pr1)[EPIC (edge programmable industrial controller](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-container/grv-epic-pr1)). Ready? **Function Block Diagram** Function Block Diagram (FBD) is the graphical connection of Boolean and function elements.  This language feels a little like Ladder, but looks and feels more like something you would make using computer hardware gates (AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR...).   FBD is meant to simplify what would normally be a long sequence of code and commands, and block them so that it is easy to see the program flow and understand its functionality. This can be a powerful tool for creating large control structures. On the other hand, it can be complicated to troubleshoot, as the blocks can hide code, or there may be numerous custom blocks that complicate matters. Here's how our famous line of code looks in FBD: ![Garrick_FBD](https://blog.opto22.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Garrick_FBD.png?width=512&name=Garrick_FBD.png) **Structured Text** Structured Text (ST) is a high-level language typically formatted to resemble Pascal. It is different from all the other languages because it isn’t graphical; it’s text-based. ST can be more difficult to write and more difficult to troubleshoot, unless you’re familiar with software programming. Documentation (//code comments) are key in understanding it, whereas the graphical languages tend to be more obvious in use. That said, ST is one of the more powerful languages, as it performs complex mathematics, iteration loops, and conditional statements with ease.   The question in ST: ![Garrick_ST](https://blog.opto22.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Garrick_ST.png?width=401&name=Garrick_ST.png) **Sequential Function Charts** Sequential function charts (SFC) are like the Opto 22 flowcharting language, PAC Control. SFC is a language that’s easy to read from a high level and performs very well while doing continuous batch processing tasks. SFC can be deceiving in its use, as it usually relies on some form of structured text buried within script blocks to handle the actual legwork of the program. As with the other graphical languages, it is relatively easy to troubleshoot, as long as the syntax is documented and correct. Here's how SFC looks: ![Garrick_SFC](https://blog.opto22.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Garrick_SFC.png?width=222&name=Garrick_SFC.png) **Ladder Diagramming** Last, but not least in the eyes of most controls engineers, is Ladder Diagramming (LD). The most basic of all the languages, it was designed to perform Boolean logic in a format that is easily readable to anyone who has seen a typical electrical diagram. LD mimics the original relay logic control panels that were the physical precursor to the modern PLC. It has significant popularity in the US, but it is often overused, and people will try to perform complex loops, mathematics, and batching using various tricks, which negate all the simplistic advantage of using it. And finally, our question in LD: ![Garrick_LD](https://blog.opto22.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Garrick_LD.png?width=512&name=Garrick_LD.png) **IEC 61131-3 on *groov* EPIC** Of course these are just my opinions, and I don’t want the high disciples of Ladder beating down my doors extolling their virtues, and waving their normally closed contacts. [![groov EPIC system](https://blog.opto22.com/hs-fs/hubfs/social-suggested-images/groovEPIC_8-Rack_Open-2.png?width=300&name=groovEPIC_8-Rack_Open-2.png)](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-container/grv-epic-pr1)Opto 22 will be utilizing the Codesys package for its 61131-3 implementation on the [*groov*](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-container/grv-epic-pr1)[EPIC](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-container/grv-epic-pr1) to give programmers all the tools they need to complete projects. As you can see from the above diagrams, you can accomplish the same goal using any one of the tools available in the controls environment. But as the proverb goes, use the right tool for the job. Or as the American psychologist Abraham Maslow said, “If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.”  Of course you can use any tool, but it may lead to an inelegant solution. It’s better to weigh the pros and cons of each tool prior to using them. So think before you program, and use the appropriate tool for each application, or the appropriate set of tools if you have many different functions to perform. Using each language in concert for the appropriate function shows that a project is efficient and optimized. And programmers will have access to a Swiss Army knife of languages for use with EPIC. Topics: [groov](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov), [EPIC](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/epic), [CODESYS](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/codesys), [IEC 61131-3](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/iec-61131-3) ### Written by [Garrick Reichert](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/author/garrick-reichert) Garrick is a Senior Applications Engineer with 15 years experience in industrial manufacturing. He has worked previously as both a systems integration engineer, and a senior engineer for a top ranked craft brewery. ### Subscribe to Email Updates ### Recent Posts ### Posts by Topic - [groov EPIC (500)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-epic) - [groov RIO (299)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-rio) - [optonews (218)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews) - [IIoT (214)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/iiot) - [groov (192)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov) - [IoT (148)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/iot) - [Internet of Things (131)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/internet-of-things) - [Ignition (129)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ignition) - [Node-RED (128)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/node-red) - [PACs (127)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pacs) - [MQTT (125)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/mqtt) - [Events & conferences (115)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/events-conferences) - [Case studies (107)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/case-studies) - [Industrial Internet of Things (104)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/industrial-internet-of-things) - [Videos (96)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/videos) - [Tips (81)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/tips) - [Updates (81)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/updates) - [Integrators (75)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/integrators) - [Remote monitoring (75)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/remote-monitoring) - [OptoPartner (74)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optopartner) - [Ignition Edge (73)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ignition-edge) - [I/O (69)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/io) - [Process control (69)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/process-control) - [Webinars (69)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/webinars) - [Energy management (64)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/energy-management) - [CODESYS (59)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/codesys) - [Training (57)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/training) - [PAC Control (51)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pac-control) - [PAC Project (49)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pac-project) - [groov View (49)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-view) - [OEM (48)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/oem) - [cybersecurity (48)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/cybersecurity) - [Discrete control (45)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/discrete-control) - [digital transformation (45)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/digital-transformation) - [Machine builder (40)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/machine-builder) - [edge computing (39)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/edge-computing) - [Firmware (38)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/firmware) - [EPIC (37)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/epic) - [system integrator (36)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/system-integrator) - [Inductive Automation (34)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/inductive-automation) - [groov Manage (33)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-manage) - [industrial automation (33)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/industrial-automation) - [Data acquisition (30)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/data-acquisition) - [Ignition Community Conference (30)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ignition-community-conference) - [Security (30)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/security) - [Sparkplug (30)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/sparkplug) - [Factory Training (28)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/factory-training) - [Networking (28)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/networking) - [snap pac (27)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/snap-pac) - [REST API (26)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/rest-api) - [New products (25)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/new-products) - [Technology Partners (22)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technology-partners) - [Water & wastewater (22)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/water-amp-wastewater) - [PLCs (21)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/plcs) - [API (20)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/api) - [developer (20)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/developer) - [groov EPIC Learning Center (20)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-epic-learning-center) - [manufacturing (20)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/manufacturing) - [OptoU (19)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optou) - [Cirrus Link Solutions (18)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/cirrus-link-solutions) - [Electronics (18)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/electronics) - [HMI (18)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/hmi) - [OPC UA (18)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/opc-ua) - [Oil & gas (18)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/oil-gas) - [groov rio emu (18)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-rio-emu) - [smart manufacturing (18)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/smart-manufacturing) - [Food & beverage (17)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/food-amp-beverage) - [OptoPartner video (17)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optopartner-video) - [energy monitoring (17)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/energy-monitoring) - [podcast (17)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/podcast) - [Building management (16)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/building-management) - [Awards and recognition (15)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/awards-and-recognition) - [REST (15)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/rest) - [SCADA (15)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/scada) - [mobile (15)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/mobile) - [Migration (14)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/migration) - [OptoChannel (13)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optochannel) - [EPIC Security (12)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/epic-security) - [Opto 22 product support (12)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/opto-22-product-support) - [groov Manage series (12)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-manage-series) - [I/O modules (11)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/i-o-modules) - [Modbus (11)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/modbus) - [OptoForum (11)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optoforum) - [PAC Manager (11)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pac-manager) - [power monitoring (11)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/power-monitoring) - [PAC Display (10)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pac-display) - [oil and gas (10)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/oil-and-gas) - [Art of the Possible (9)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/art-of-the-possible) - [Deepsea Challenge (9)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/deepsea-challenge) - [IntegrateLive! (9)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/integratelive) - [OT data (9)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ot-data) - [RESTful server (9)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/restful-server) - [Raspberry Pi (9)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/raspberry-pi) - [holiday schedule (9)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/holiday-schedule) - [white paper (9)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/white-paper) - [Automation World (8)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/automation-world) - [Edge I/O (8)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/edge-i-o) - [I/O (8)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/i-o) - [PID loop control (8)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pid-loop-control) - [SSRs (8)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ssrs) - [Unified Namespace (8)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/unified-namespace) - [data visualization (8)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/data-visualization) - [holiday hours (8)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/holiday-hours) - [webinar (8)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/webinar) - [IEC 61131-3 (7)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/iec-61131-3) - [MQTT implementation (7)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/mqtt-implementation) - [Who's groovin (7)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/whos-groovin) - [groov server for windows (7)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-server-for-windows) - [secure shell (7)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/secure-shell) - [ARC Forum (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/arc-forum) - [Careers (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/careers) - [EPIC Security Series (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/epic-security-series) - [Eclipse Foundation (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/eclipse-foundation) - [Ignition Cloud Edition (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ignition-cloud-edition) - [Ignition Community Live (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ignition-community-live) - [Linux (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/linux) - [data center (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/data-center) - [machine monitoring (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/machine-monitoring) - [open source (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/open-source) - [ssh (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ssh) - [technical tips (6)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technical-tips) - [Anniversary (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/anniversary) - [Digital I/O for Raspberry Pi (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/digital-i-o-for-raspberry-pi) - [IIoT System Architecture (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/iiot-system-architecture) - [OptoNews 2015-12-02 (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-12-02) - [OptoOPCServer (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optoopcserver) - [SVG (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/svg) - [certificate (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/certificate) - [cloud computing (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/cloud-computing) - [interactive demo (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/interactive-demo) - [product philosophy (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/product-philosophy) - [software (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/software) - [system integration (5)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/system-integration) - [CODESYS blog series (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/codesys-blog-series) - [COVID-19 Update (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/covid-19-update) - [EdgeX (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/edgex) - [HiveMQ (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/hivemq) - [OpenVPN (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/openvpn) - [OptoDataLink (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optodatalink) - [OptoNews 2015-03-04 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-03-04) - [OptoNews 2015-03-18 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-03-18) - [OptoNews 2015-04-01 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-04-01) - [OptoNews 2015-04-15 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-04-15) - [OptoNews 2015-04-29 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-04-29) - [OptoNews 2015-05-21 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-05-21) - [OptoNews 2015-06-03 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-06-03) - [OptoNews 2015-06-17 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-06-17) - [OptoNews 2015-07-01 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-07-01) - [OptoNews 2015-07-15 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-07-15) - [OptoNews 2015-07-29 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-07-29) - [OptoNews 2015-08-12 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-08-12) - [OptoNews 2015-08-26 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-08-26) - [OptoNews 2015-09-09 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-09-09) - [OptoNews 2015-09-23 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-09-23) - [OptoNews 2015-10-07 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-10-07) - [OptoNews 2015-10-21 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-10-21) - [OptoNews 2015-11-04 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-11-04) - [OptoNews 2015-11-18 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-11-18) - [OptoNews 2015-12-16 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2015-12-16) - [OptoNews 2016-01-06 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-01-06) - [OptoNews 2016-01-20 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-01-20) - [OptoNews 2016-02-03 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-02-03) - [OptoNews 2016-02-17 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-02-17) - [OptoNews 2016-03-02 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-03-02) - [OptoNews 2016-03-16 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-03-16) - [OptoNews 2016-03-30 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-03-30) - [OptoNews 2016-04-13 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-04-13) - [OptoNews 2016-04-27 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-04-27) - [OptoNews 2016-05-11 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-05-11) - [OptoNews 2016-05-25 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-05-25) - [OptoNews 2016-06-08 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-06-08) - [OptoNews 2016-06-22 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-06-22) - [OptoNews 2016-07-06 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-07-06) - [OptoNews 2016-08-03 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-08-03) - [OptoNews 2016-08-31 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-08-31) - [OptoNews 2016-09-14 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-09-14) - [OptoNews 2016-09-28 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-09-28) - [OptoNews 2016-10-12 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-10-12) - [OptoNews 2016-10-26 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-10-26) - [OptoNews 2016-11-09 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-11-09) - [OptoNews 2016-11-30 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-11-30) - [OptoNews 2016-12-14 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-12-14) - [OptoNews 2017-01-04 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2017-01-04) - [OptoNews 2017-01-18 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2017-01-18) - [OptoNews 2017-02-01 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2017-02-01) - [OptoNews 2017-02-15 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2017-02-15) - [OptoNews 2017-03-01 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2017-03-01) - [OptoNews 2017-03-15 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2017-03-15) - [OptoNews 2017-03-29 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2017-03-29) - [OptoNews 2017-04-12 (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2017-04-12) - [Optomux (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optomux) - [UNS (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/uns) - [machine data (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/machine-data) - [product design (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/product-design) - [serial module (4)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/serial-module) - [DMC guest blog (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/dmc-guest-blog) - [Discovery Day (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/discovery-day) - [G4 I/O (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/g4-i-o) - [GIF (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/gif) - [GPIO (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/gpio) - [ICC (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/icc) - [Insider (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/insider) - [Made in USA (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/made-in-usa) - [OEE (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/oee) - [OptoMMP (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optommp) - [OptoNews 2016-08-17 (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-08-17) - [OptoTagPreserve (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optotagpreserve) - [YouTube (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/youtube) - [control engineering (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/control-engineering) - [groov RIO Learning Center (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-rio-learning-center) - [open source software (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/open-source-software) - [python (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/python) - [virtual workshop (3)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/virtual-workshop) - [AI (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ai) - [Aggregates & concrete (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/aggregates-amp-concrete) - [Build-a-Thon (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/build-a-thon) - [Expert Interview series (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/expert-interview-series) - [Firmware Engineer (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/firmware-engineer) - [LDAP (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ldap) - [LoRaWAN (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/lorawan) - [MES (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/mes) - [MariaDB (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/mariadb) - [Sepasoft (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/sepasoft) - [Snowflake (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/snowflake) - [Spanish (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/spanish) - [Technical Writer (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technical-writer) - [Version 3.4 update (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/version-3-4-update) - [Windows 10 (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/windows-10) - [automation 101 (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/automation-101) - [compliance (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/compliance) - [email notifications (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/email-notifications) - [firewall (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/firewall) - [serial (2)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/serial) - [21 CFR Part 11 (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/21-cfr-part-11) - [Amazon Web Services (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/amazon-web-services) - [Applications Engineer (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/applications-engineer) - [Big data (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/big-data) - [CNC (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/cnc) - [Ciberseguridad (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ciberseguridad) - [Colombia (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/colombia) - [Corso Systems (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/corso-systems) - [Discover Gallery (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/discover-gallery) - [ENTELEC (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/entelec) - [EaaS (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/eaas) - [Education Partnerships (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/education-partnerships) - [Grafana (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/grafana) - [HART (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/hart) - [HVAC (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/hvac) - [HighByte (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/highbyte) - [Industrial Ethernet Book (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/industrial-ethernet-book) - [LinkedIn (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/linkedin) - [Log4Shell (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/log4shell) - [Log4j (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/log4j) - [Lucidchart (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/lucidchart) - [M-Bus (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/m-bus) - [Modern Elteknik (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/modern-elteknik) - [MySQL (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/mysql) - [Opto 22 (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/opto-22) - [OptoChat (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optochat) - [OptoNews 2016-07-20 (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews-2016-07-20) - [PLC programming (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/plc-programming) - [Pamux (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pamux) - [PostgreSQL (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/postgresql) - [RS232 (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/rs232) - [RTD (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/rtd) - [SPS (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/sps) - [SoftPAC (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/softpac) - [Sweden (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/sweden) - [Tatsoft (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/tatsoft) - [User Accounts (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/user-accounts) - [Veteran's Day (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/veterans-day) - [Virtual Tour (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/virtual-tour) - [analisisydatos (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/analisisydatos) - [analog input module (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/analog-input-module) - [automatizacion (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/automatizacion) - [blockchain (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/blockchain) - [current transformers (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/current-transformers) - [customer service (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/customer-service) - [encryption (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/encryption) - [groov Admin (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-admin) - [groov System Configurator (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-system-configurator) - [groov maintenance license (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-maintenance-license) - [indoor agriculture (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/indoor-agriculture) - [instrumentacion (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/instrumentacion) - [inteligenciaindustrial (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/inteligenciaindustrial) - [json (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/json) - [machine learning (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/machine-learning) - [maintenance technician (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/maintenance-technician) - [mining (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/mining) - [network segmentation (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/network-segmentation) - [port redirect (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/port-redirect) - [predictive maintenance (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/predictive-maintenance) - [redundancy (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/redundancy) - [reverse osmosis (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/reverse-osmosis) - [sdk (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/sdk) - [supply chain (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/supply-chain) - [temperature sensor (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/temperature-sensor) - [time proportional output (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/time-proportional-output) - [visio stencils (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/visio-stencils) - [wellsite automation (1)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/wellsite-automation) see all - [Products](https://www.opto22.com/products) - [Product Selector](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-selector) - [groov System](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov) - [I/O](https://www.opto22.com/products/i-o) - [Logic](https://www.opto22.com/products/logic) - [Data](https://www.opto22.com/products/data) - [Visualization](https://www.opto22.com/products/visualization) - [Accessories](https://www.opto22.com/products/accessories) - [Product Families](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-families) - [How to Buy](https://www.opto22.com/products/how-to-buy) - [Product Comparisons and Compatibility](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-comparisons-and-compatibility) - [SNAP I/O Configurator](https://www.opto22.com/products/snap-i-o-configurator) - [Support](https://www.opto22.com/support) - [Contact Support](https://www.opto22.com/support/contact-us) - [Warranties](https://www.opto22.com/support/warranties) - [Troubleshooting](https://www.opto22.com/support/troubleshooting) - [Documents](https://www.opto22.com/support/documents-redirect) - [Downloads](https://www.opto22.com/support/downloads-redirect) - [Videos](https://www.opto22.com/support/videos-redirect) - [KnowledgeBase](https://www.opto22.com/support/optoknowledgebase-redirect) - [Training](https://www.opto22.com/support/training-options) - [About Us](https://www.opto22.com/about-us) - [Distributors](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/distributors) - [Pressroom](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/pressroom) - [Careers](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/careers) - [History](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/history) - [Corporate Contacts](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/corporate-contacts) - [Sustainability](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/sustainability) - [International](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/international) - [Location](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/directions) - [Community](https://www.opto22.com/community) - [Opto Partners](https://www.opto22.com/community/opto-partners) - [Opto Blog](https://www.opto22.com/community/opto-blog) - [Opto Forums](https://www.opto22.com/community/opto-forums) - [Events](https://www.opto22.com/community/events) - [Products](https://www.opto22.com/products) - [What Do You Want to Do?](https://www.opto22.com/products/what-do-you-want-to-do) - [groov RIO](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-rio) - [groov EPIC System](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-epic-system) - [Case Studies](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-case-studies) - [Product Selector](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-selector) - [Product Families](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-families) - [IIoT System Architecture](https://www.opto22.com/support/resources-tools/demos/groov-epic-groov-rio-architecture) - [MQTT Resources](https://www.opto22.com/products/mqtt-resources) - [Cybersecurity](https://www.opto22.com/products/cybersecurity) - [Power and Energy Monitoring](https://www.opto22.com/products/power-and-energy-monitoring) - [How to Buy](https://www.opto22.com/products/how-to-buy) - [Hands-On Learning and Demo Units](https://www.opto22.com/products/hands-on-learning-and-demo-units) - [Product Comparisons and Compatibility](https://www.opto22.com/products/product-comparisons-and-compatibility) - [System Configurator](https://www.opto22.com/products/system-configurator) - [Support](https://www.opto22.com/support) - [Manage groov](https://www.opto22.com/logon?returnurl=%2fmy-opto%2fmanage-groov) - [Documents](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Resources-Tools?rt=59) - [Downloads](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Resources-Tools?rt=68) - [Videos](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Videos) - [KnowledgeBase](https://www.opto22.com/Support/Resources-Tools?rt=67) - [Training](https://www.opto22.com/support/training-options) - [Troubleshooting](https://www.opto22.com/support/troubleshooting) - [Image Library](https://www.opto22.com/support/resources-tools/image-library-svg-editors) - [Developers](https://developer.opto22.com/) - [Talk to an Engineer](https://www.opto22.com/support/talk-to-an-engineer) - [Contact Us](https://www.opto22.com/support/contact-us) - [Warranties](https://www.opto22.com/support/warranties) - [Agency Approvals/Compliance](https://www.opto22.com/support/agency-approvals) - [Privacy Policy](https://www.opto22.com/support/privacy) - [About Us](https://www.opto22.com/about-us) - [History](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/history) - [Location](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/directions) - [Corporate Contacts](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/corporate-contacts) - [Opto 22 Product Philosophy](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/opto-22-product-philosophy) - [Customer Quotes/Testimonials](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/customer-quotes-testimonials) - [Virtual Tour](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/virtual-tour) - [Pressroom](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/pressroom) - [Distributors](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/distributors) - [International](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/international) - [Sustainability](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/sustainability) - [Careers](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/careers) - [Community](https://www.opto22.com/community) - [OptoPartners](https://www.opto22.com/community/opto-partners) - [Technology Partners](https://www.opto22.com/community/technology-partners) - [Education Partnerships](https://info.opto22.com/partnering-in-education) - [Opto Blog](https://blog.opto22.com/) - [Opto Forums](http://forums.opto22.com/) - [Events](https://www.opto22.com/community/events) - [Articles](https://www.opto22.com/articles) - [Log In](https://www.opto22.com/logon) - [Register](https://www.opto22.com/Special-Pages/Logon.aspx) - [Your Cart](https://www.opto22.com/Checkout/Shopping-Cart) - [Contact Us](https://www.opto22.com/support/contact-us) © 2026 Opto22 [Terms and Conditions](https://preview.opto22.com/special-pages/terms-conditions) | [Privacy](https://preview.opto22.com/special-pages/privacy) **(800) 321 OPTO (6786)** | 43044 Business Park Drive, Temecula CA 92590 USA ![](https://dc.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=90128&fmt=gif)