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[Privacy Policy](https://www.opto22.com/support/privacy) - [About Us](https://www.opto22.com/about-us) - [History](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/history) - [Location](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/directions) - [Corporate Contacts](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/corporate-contacts) - [Opto 22 Product Philosophy](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/opto-22-product-philosophy) - [Customer Quotes/Testimonials](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/customer-quotes-testimonials) - [Virtual Tour](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/virtual-tour) - [Pressroom](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/pressroom) - [Distributors](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/distributors) - [International](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/international) - [Sustainability](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/sustainability) - [Careers](https://www.opto22.com/about-us/careers) - [Community](https://www.opto22.com/community) - [OptoPartners](https://www.opto22.com/community/opto-partners) - [Technology Partners](https://www.opto22.com/community/technology-partners) - [Education Partnerships](https://info.opto22.com/partnering-in-education) - [Opto Blog](https://blog.opto22.com/) - [Opto Forums](http://forums.opto22.com/) - [Events](https://www.opto22.com/community/events) - [Articles](https://www.opto22.com/articles) - [Log In](https://www.opto22.com/logon) - [Register](https://www.opto22.com/Special-Pages/Logon.aspx) - [Your Cart](https://www.opto22.com/Checkout/Shopping-Cart) - [Contact Us](https://www.opto22.com/support/contact-us)   # OptoBlog # OptoBlog ## [PID tuning made easier](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/pid-tuning-made-easier) Posted by [Janice Colmer](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/author/janice-colmer) on Sep 9, 2026, 7:36:24 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.opto22.com/hubfs/PID_scan_rate_1100x541.png)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/pid-tuning-made-easier) ### A practical guide for learning about Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) loop control and tuning. PID loops are everywhere in industrial automation—but getting them tuned for fast, stable, and efficient control can be a challenge.   This new technical article defines the elements of a PID loop, reviews how PIDs are configured for Opto 22 devices, and introduces a free online tuner you can use for many loop controllers (not just Opto's).  [Read More](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/pid-tuning-made-easier) 0 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/pid-tuning-made-easier#comments-listing) Topics: [PID loop control](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pid-loop-control), [groov EPIC](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-epic), [snap pac](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/snap-pac), [technical tips](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technical-tips) ## [Learn when to use sinking or sourcing modules](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/learn-when-to-use-sinking-or-sourcing-modules) Posted by [Janice Colmer](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/author/janice-colmer) on Jul 29, 2026, 7:31:16 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.opto22.com/hubfs/sinksourceteaser_422x281.png)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/learn-when-to-use-sinking-or-sourcing-modules) ### New article clarifies when to use sinking and sourcing in discrete DC circuits. If you've ever hesitated when selecting digital I/O because of the terms *sinking* and *sourcing*, this new article can help. It's a common point of confusion in industrial automation. Choosing the wrong module can lead to unnecessary troubleshooting, rewiring, or project delays. The article and the accompanying tech note cover the basics: what's the difference, when it matters, and how you choose and wire the right I/O module.  [Read More](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/learn-when-to-use-sinking-or-sourcing-modules) 0 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/learn-when-to-use-sinking-or-sourcing-modules#comments-listing) Topics: [I/O](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/io), [groov EPIC](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-epic), [snap pac](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/snap-pac), [technical tips](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technical-tips) ## [How to choose sinking or sourcing](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/how-to-choose-sinking-or-sourcing) Posted by [Janice Colmer](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/author/janice-colmer) on Apr 15, 2026, 7:37:41 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.opto22.com/hubfs/SinkSourceImage1Apr2026.png)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/how-to-choose-sinking-or-sourcing) ### Updated interactive website demo provides guidance for choosing sinking or sourcing modules for both *groov* and SNAP PAC systems. Confusion around sinking and sourcing wiring is one of the most common causes of field issues in DC control systems. Get it wrong, and devices won’t turn on—or worse, you end up rewiring a panel that should have worked the first time. But manufacturers label their DC outputs in different ways. We updated our interactive demo to make the concepts simple. It shows exactly how sinking and sourcing circuits work and helps you select the correct I/O modules for both your *groov* and SNAP PAC systems. Try it now! [Read More](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/how-to-choose-sinking-or-sourcing) 0 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/how-to-choose-sinking-or-sourcing#comments-listing) Topics: [groov EPIC](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-epic), [interactive demo](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/interactive-demo), [technical tips](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technical-tips) ## [Improving Your PAC Project System’s Performance](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/improving-your-pac-project-systems-performance) Posted by [Norma Rodriguez](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/author/norma-rodriguez) on Feb 17, 2026, 1:51:06 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.opto22.com/hubfs/social-suggested-images/blog.opto22.comhubfsOptimizePACProjectTN-4.png)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/improving-your-pac-project-systems-performance) ### Tips when using PAC Project with *groov* View, MQTT, Node-RED, RESTful API, and more Are you wondering what else you can do to improve your PAC Project system’s performance? Did you optimize your SNAP PAC system and apply the same techniques to your *groov* EPIC system? There may be some other options you might not think of, like these: -Moving *groov* View or MQTT to an alternate host task -Enabling only essential tags as "Public" for Ignition or MQTT -Scanning only PAC Control variables and tables if you’re using Node-RED Whether you’re running an edge device like ***groov* EPIC** or a classic **SNAP PAC** system, performance optimization is a balance among logic, I/O communication, and HMI responsiveness. You might find some time savers in the [Optimizing PAC Project System Performance](https://www.opto22.com/support/resources-tools/documents/1776-optimizing-pac-project-system-performance-tec) technical note. Here are a few highlights from the tech note. [Read More](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/improving-your-pac-project-systems-performance) 0 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/improving-your-pac-project-systems-performance#comments-listing) Topics: [PAC Project](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pac-project), [Node-RED](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/node-red), [MQTT](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/mqtt), [groov EPIC](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-epic), [snap pac](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/snap-pac), [technical tips](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technical-tips) ## [Commission 30 I/O points in under 8 minutes](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/commission-30-i/o-points-in-under-8-minutes) Posted by [Ben Orchard](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/author/ben-orchard) on Apr 9, 2025, 8:56:51 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.opto22.com/hubfs/TesterBenIOCommissionBlog.png)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/commission-30-i/o-points-in-under-8-minutes) ### Hear first hand how smoothly and powerfully a *groov* EPIC controller lends itself to the commissioning process. Now and then, I get signed up to do something different. Most of us have that clause in our job descriptions: "or any other duties as directed." 😁 In this case, I assembled a cabinet with a [*groov* EPIC](https://www.opto22.com/products/groov-epic-system) on a chassis four rack. The four I/O modules were a mix with a total of 30 channels. Of course, after the wiring was done, a sanity check was in order—or, said another way, a point-by-point check that everything was working as it should have been. Sounds tedious, right? Follow along... [Read More](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/commission-30-i/o-points-in-under-8-minutes) 1 Comment [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/commission-30-i/o-points-in-under-8-minutes#comments-listing) Topics: [I/O](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/io), [I/O modules](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/i-o-modules), [groov EPIC](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-epic), [technical tips](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technical-tips) ## [Variables vs. Literals](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/variables-vs.-literals) Posted by [Ben Orchard](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/author/ben-orchard) on May 1, 2024, 12:57:26 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.opto22.com/hubfs/VariableBenBlogPic1.png)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/variables-vs.-literals) ### Understanding different data types in your PAC Control programming. You don’t need to have the title "software engineer" on your business card before you code up your first automation process. In fact, I suspect that many industrial automation folks are like me—self-taught and come from the school of hard knocks. This blog post is more of a musing out loud than a "you must" edict. Programming, after all, is often more art than science. [Read More](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/variables-vs.-literals) 0 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/variables-vs.-literals#comments-listing) Topics: [PAC Control](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pac-control), [technical tips](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technical-tips) ## [Add delays to speed up](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/add-delays-to-speed-up) Posted by [Ben Orchard](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/author/ben-orchard) on Apr 17, 2024, 9:00:00 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.opto22.com/hubfs/paccontrol_delays_wdelay1variation2.gif)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/add-delays-to-speed-up) ### Some tech tip advice to help keep your industrial systems running smoothly. Whenever I say this blog title out loud to the Premium Factory Training class attendees, I get some funny looks. I'm not sure if it's the Aussie accent, or the idea of adding delays to speed up that causes the double-take chuckles. Compute power has come a long way in the last 10 years or so, but regardless, we programmers of all things industrial still need to be mindful of optimizing our code and systems to run as smoothly as they possibly can. Arguably, one of the biggest tips for programming in PAC Control I can share with you all is to add delays through your flow charts and OptoScript blocks. [Read More](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/add-delays-to-speed-up) 2 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/add-delays-to-speed-up#comments-listing) Topics: [PAC Control](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/pac-control), [groov EPIC](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-epic), [Factory Training](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/factory-training), [technical tips](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/technical-tips) [All posts](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/all) ### Subscribe to Email Updates ### Recent Posts ### Posts by Topic - [groov EPIC (507)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-epic) - [groov RIO (302)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov-rio) - [optonews (218)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/optonews) - [IIoT (214)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/iiot) - [groov (192)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/groov) - [IoT (148)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/iot) - [Ignition (131)](https://blog.opto22.com/optoblog/topic/ignition) - 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